Section 9: Airbreathing Propulsion Systems
for Orbital and High Delta-V Missions

(Not in Sutton and Biblarz, Miscellaneous NASA-derived notes)




Lecture1 Notes: The Standard Atmosphere (pdf)

• Hydrostatic Equation
• Temperature Lapse Rate Model
• NASA MSFC Atmosphere Descriptions (pdf)
  • International and 1976 US Standard Atmsophere Model
  • Earth Global Reference Model (GRAM-2010)
• USA 1976 Standard Atmosohere Table
  • Atmosphere Table,1-km Increments to 86 km Altitude, MSL (txt)
  • Standard Atmosphere FORTRAN Source Code
    • US 1976 Standard Atmosphere FORTRAN Code (txt)
    • US 1976 Standard Atmosphere FORTRAN Code (Alternate version) (txt)

Lecture2 Notes: Introduction to High Speed Airbreathing Propulsion Systems (pdf )

• Introduction to High Speed Airbreathing Propulsion Systems
  • Flight Without Oxidizer
  • Hypersonic Vehicle Applications and Theri Flight Envelopes
  • Fuel Efficiencies of Various High Speed Propulsion Systems
  • Operations Payoffs for Airbreathing Launch
  • Airbreathing Propulsion Basics
    • Brayton Cycle for Airbreathing Combustion
    • Ideal Ramjet Cycle Analysis
    • Thermodynamic Efficiency of Ideal Ramjet
    • Why is total pressure recovery important?
    • Ideal Ramjet: Inlet and Diffuser
      • Oblique Shockwave Theory Background
      • Collected Oblique Shock Equations
      • Basic Oblique Shock Example
      • 2-D Ramjet Inlet Example
    • Supersonic Inlet: Condorde Inlet Design
    • Conical versus 2-D Inlets
    • Physical Aspects of Cone Flow
    • Comparison of Losses, Conical and 2-D Inlets
  • Airbreathing Combustion Basics
    • Air to Fuel Ratio Computations
    • Equivalence Ratio versus Mixture Ratio
    • Airbreathing Combustor Calculations using CEA
    • Specific Thrust of Air Breathing Engine
    • Revisit Earlier Ramjet problem
    • Effect of Equivalence ratio on Thermodynamic Efficiency
    • Lean Burning: Why an Afterburner Works

Lecture3 Notes: The Turbojet Cycle Revisited (pdf)

• Brayton Cycle for Airbreathing Combustion
• Idealized Thermodynamic Model of Turbojet Engine
• Jet Engine Performance Parmeters
  • Propulsive Efficiency
  • Thermal Efficiency
  • Total Efficiency
  • Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption
  • Breguet Aircraft Range Equation
    • Comparison to Rocket Equation
  • Turbojet Cycle Efficiency Analysis Example

Lecture4 Notes: Supersonic Combustion Ramjets (SCRAMjets) and Combined Cycle Engines (pdf )

• Supersonic Combustion Ramjets (SCRAMjets) and Combined Cycle Engines
• Ideal Ramjet Cycle Analysis, revisited
• Thermodynamic Efficiency of Ideal Ramjet, revisited
• ScrRamjet Design Issues I, INLETS
  • SCRAMJet Inlet Design
  • Off Design Inlet Operation
  • Inlet "Point Design"
  • Comparison of X-43A mach 7 and Mach 10 Inlets
• ScrRamjet Design Issues II, COMBUSTION
  • Reaction Times in Supersonic Combustor
  • Effect of Equivalence ratio on Combustion Stability
• ScrRamjet Design Issues III, Drag Losses and Vehicle Integration
  • Comparison of Combustion Enthalpy and Incoming Air Enthalpy
  • Comparison of Mach 20+ Integrated SCRAMjet Vehicle and Mach 7 Integrated SCRAMjet Vehicle
  • Need for Combined Cycle SCRAM Vehicles
• Combined Cycle Mission Profiles
  • Turbine Based Combined Cycle (TBCC)
  • LRocket based Combined Cycle (RBCC)
  • TBCC and RBCC design examples
  • P&W J-58 (SR-71) Combined cycle engine
• ScrRamjet Design Issues IV, Heating
  • Blunt Body Heating
  • Sharp Leading Edge Heating
  • Leading Edge Heating and Temperature Model
  • Thermal Protection System Examples
    • X-43A
    • Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTC)
    • Sharp Spaceplane Design
    • Active Thermal Management
    • Non-receding Charring Ablatives
• SCramjet Flight tests
  • CIAM
  • Hyshot
  • X43A
  • SAST
  • X-51
• "Frontier Issues" in Hypersonic Flight Physics

Appendix to Section 9: Review of Oblique Shockwaves: (Anderson* , Chapter 4)
................... (pdf )

*John D. Anderson, Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspectives, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2003.