Section 5: Review of Idealized Nozzle Flow Theory

Sutton and Biblarz, Chapter 3, Sections 3.5-3.8, Section 6.1, Section 8.1, Appendix 4,
.............Anderson*, Chapter 5, Chapter 11

Lecture1 Notes: ................... (pdf )

Compressible Flow Basics
Equation of State for a Perfect Gas
Specific Heats, Internal Energy, and Enthalpy
First Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Isentropic Process Relationships
QuasiOne Dimensional Flow Approximations
- Continuity
- Momentum
- Energy
Fundamental Property of Supersonic Duct Flow

Lecture2 Notes: ................... (pdf )

Isentropic Flow Through Quasi-1-D Nozzles
- What is a NOZZLE
- Temperature/Entropy Diagram
- Stagnation Flow Characteristics
- Nozzle Choking: Nozzle Mass Flow per Unit Area
- Isentropic Nozzle Flow: Area Mach Relationship
- Rocket Thrust Equation, revisited
  - Thrust Coefficient
  - Characteristic Velocity, C*
  - Maximum Isp of a Combustion Process
  - Example Plots
- Real Nozzle Loss Coefficients
  - Combustor /Nozzle Efficiency Coefficient
  - Chamber Pressure Correction Coefficient
  - Nozzle Discharge Correction Coefficient
  - Nozzle Divergence Correction Coefficient
- SSME Computational Example

Lecture3 Notes: ................... (pdf )

The Optimal Nozzle Configuration
- The Optimal Nozzle Design
- Thrust / Altitude Plots
- Launch System Examples
- Design Altitude

SSME Startup Slow Motion Video

Lecture4 Notes: ................... (pdf )

Non-Ideal, Shock-Free Rocket Nozzle / Combustor Operation
- Heat Transfer in Combustor
- SSME Combustor Example
- Heat Transfer in Nozzle
- Nozzle Heat Loss Correction
- SSME Nozzle Example
- SSME Nozzle with Heat Loss and Combustor Heat Loss
- Comparison to Isentropic Analysis

Appendix to Section 5:

Using Newton's Method to Solve the A/A* Relationship for Mach Number: ................... (pdf )

US 1976 Standard Atmosphere table, Metric Units: (txt) ................... (Excel 2003 .xls )